The language and style of The Old Man and The Sea by E. Hemingway .

INTRODUCTION Among many great American writers, Hemingway is famous for his objective and terse prose style. As all the novels Hemingway published in his life, The Old Man and the Sea typically reflects his unique writing style. The language is simple and natural on the surface, but actually deliberate and artificial. Hemingway’s style is related to his experience as a journalist. The influence of his style is great all over the world. The Old Man and the Sea is full of facts, most of which comes from Hemingway own experience. In the forepart of the novel, they are used to show the quality of Santiago’s life, and are narrated simply and naturally; while in the latter part of the novel, they are used from inside Santiago’s own consciousness and form part of a whole scheme of the novel. There is a deviation within Hemingway’s own style of writing – an internal deviation. The deviation is obviously done on purpose as a kind of distraction so as to make the readers aware of the special and important ‘message’ that Hemingway wants to convey. In this novel, the deviation is used to build the elements of suspense and foreshadowing in much detail. As one of the most influential American writers in the 20th century, Hemingway pioneered a generation of writing style. He is famous for his unique writing style - iceberg theory. In this paper, the author firstly introduces the different views about Hemingway’s iceberg theory among the critics. And then the author discusses the theory from the aspects of succinct words and symbolism. On the dimensions of describing scenery, portraying figures and describing psychology, Hemingway’s style is seemingly rather simple and direct. On the other hand, the theme of Hemingway’s works is symbolic and provides much room for thinking. Hemingway endowed his works with symbolic meanings by using the methods of pun and coda. Also, meanings of Christian symbolism are obvious in his works.

INTRODUCTION 3 THEORETICAL PART 7 1. Hemingway's Biography 7 2. Ernest Hemingway’s Literary Life 10 3. Hemingway’s Philosophy of Life and Style 18 PRACTICAL PART 29 I. Syntactical peculiarities of Hemingway’s ‘The Old Man and the Sea’ 29 1. Hemingway’s Narrative Technique 29 2. The Old Man and the Sea’ is Hemingway’s Masterpiece 31 3. Analyses of the Language Style 35 4. The Writing Techniques 41 5. Dramatic Quality of the Story 51 II. Lexical peculiarities of Hemingway’s ‘The Old Man and the Sea’ 58 1. Ernest Hemingway’s iceberg theory 58 2. Hemingway’s Symbolism 63 CONCLUSION 67 BIBLIOGRAPHY 70  

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