Government initiatives and their effects on innovation activities under the NIS framework.

Chapter I: Introduction
In the last 15 years word “innovation” became the synonym of success. Innovations became increasingly important and changed the pattern of competition, especially in developed countries. And in order to effectively assess performance of different countries as well as to give advices on how to implement innovations in the most effective way the concept of National Innovation System (NIS) was developed.
The emergence of the NIS concept can be traced back to works of Freeman and Lundvall in the mid 1980s. The NIS framework suggests that the “research system’s ultimate goal is innovation and that the system is part of a larger system composed of sectors like government, university and industry and their environment” (Godin, 2007). It was also noted by Nelson(1993) that this “set of institutions and their interactions determine the innovative performance of national firms”.

Chapter I: Introduction 4
Chapter II: Background & Literature 9
Chapter III: Data and Methods 23
Chapter IV: Empirical Results 35
Chapter V: Discussion 49
Chapter VI: Lessons for Russia 59
References 66

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