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Richard III usurped the throne from the young Edward V, who disappeared with his younger brother while under their ambitious uncle's supposed protection. On becoming king, Richard attempted genuine reconciliation with the Yorkists by showing consideration to Lancastrians purged from office by Edward IV, and moved Henry VI's body to St George's Chapel at
Windsor. The first laws written entirely in English were passed during his reign. In 1484, Richard's only legitimate son Edward predeceased him.
Before becoming king, Richard had had a strong power base in the north, and his reliance on northerners during his reign was to increase resentment in the south. Richard concluded a truce with Scotland to reduce his commitments in the north. Nevertheless, resentment against Richard grew. On
7 August 1485, Henry Tudor (a direct descendant through his mother Margaret
Beaufort, of John of Gaunt, one of Edward III's younger sons) landed at
Milford Haven in Wales to claim the throne. On 22 August, in a two-hour battle at Bosworth, Henry's forces (assisted by Lord Stanley's private army of around 7,000 which was deliberately posted so that he could join the winning side) defeated Richard's larger army and Richard was killed. Buried without a monument in Leicester, Richard's bones were scattered during the
English Reformation.

THE TUDORS

The five sovereigns of the Tudor dynasty are among the most well-known figures in Royal history. Of Welsh origin, Henry VII succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York to found the highly successful Tudor house. Henry VII, his son Henry VIII and his three children Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I ruled for 118 eventful years.

During this period, England developed into one of the leading European colonial powers, with men such as Sir Walter Raleigh taking part in the conquest of the New World. Nearer to home, campaigns in Ireland brought the country under strict English control.

Culturally and socially, the Tudor period saw many changes. The Tudor court played a prominent part in the cultural Renaissance taking place in
Europe, nurturing all-round individuals such as William Shakespeare, Edmund
Spenser and Cardinal Wolsey. The Tudor period also saw the turbulence of two changes of official religion, resulting in the martyrdom of many innocent believers of both Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. The fear of
Roman Catholicism induced by the Reformation was to last for several centuries and to play an influential role in the history of the Succession.

THE TUDORS

1485 - 1603

HENRY VII = Elizabeth of York,

(1485–1509) dau. of EDWARD IV

Catherine of (1) = HENRY VIII = (2) Anne Boleyn, = (3)
Jane, dau. Margaret (1) = JAMES IV,
Aragon, dau. (1509–1547) dau. of Earl of Sir John King of
Scotland of FERDINAND V, of Wiltshire

Seymour
(1488–1513) first King of Spain

ELIZABETH I
EDWARD VI JAMES V, = Mary of

MARY I (1547–1553)
(1558–1603) King of Scotland Lorraine,

(1553–1558)

(1513–1542) dau. of
Duke

of
Guise

MARY, =
Henry, Lord

Queen Darnley of Scots

(1542–1567, ex.1587)

THE STUARTS 1603 – 1714 Anne, dau. of =
JAMES VI OF SCOTLAND

FREDERICK II,
AND I OF ENGLAND

King of Denmark
(1567–1625)

(1603–1625)

Elizabeth = Frederick V, CHARLES I = Henrietta
Maria,

Elector Palatine (1625– dau. of HENRY IV, ex.1649)

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