Russia's achievements

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- What has the USA devoted its attention to since the mid- 1970s?

- Since the mid-1970s, the United States has devoted its attention to developing the space shuttle, a reusable space vehicle that lifts off like a rocket and lands like an ordinary aeroplane. The shuttle craft have been used to deploy and repair satellites in the Earth orbit.

- When did the United States launch the first reusable manned vehicle?

- On April 12, 1981 the United States launched the first reusable manned vehicle. It was the 20th anniversary of manned space flight.

- What can you say about planetary studies carried out by the U.S. and Soviet scientists?

- Although the United States and the Soviet Union made manned flight a major goal in their space programmes, during the 1960s and '70s, the scientists of both countries undertook ambitious planetary studies with unmanned deep-space probes. The most significant missions were the "Viking" landings on the Mars; the "Voyager" flybys of the Jupiter, the Saturn, and the Uranus. The Soviet Union did not land men on the Moon. It launched a series of robot lunar probes ("Luna" and "Zond") that returned important data and soil samples. "Luna-16", for example, made a soft-landing on the Moon in September 1970, obtained a core sample of soil, and returned it to the Earth in a sealed capsule.

- What do people want to gain by exploring outer space?

- The flight into outerspace allows man to penetrate into new spheres of unpredictable discoveries. Scientists are interested in space exploration because today physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy need new data, which can not be found on the Earth. Moreover, Space Age has given mankind a chance to find thinking creatures in other Galaxies. It is believed that there are more than 100 million civilisations throughout the world. It is known far and wide that since early times the human beings have been interested in the study of the Universe. Their hopes have been connected with the discovery of intellectual creatures on the planets of other galaxies. The idea of other worlds existing in the Universe cost Giordano Bruno his life. Now all the beliefs may become true, and living beings may be found in the distant worlds of other solar systems.