Темы по английскому языку (English topics)

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My favorite science-fiction writers are Ray Bradbury and Robert Shaklee.
Ray Bradbury wrote «the Marsian Chronicles». And Robert Shaklee is known for his very interesting short stories about aliens and space adventures.
American animators and illustrators are aslo world-famous. For example,
Walt Disney who created such cartoon-heroes as Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck and Pluto. He is the founder of the Disney Park. Chuck Jones is also a popular American animator famous for his Roadrunner and Wile E. Coyote.

Many american inventors became famous all over the world for their inventions. Wright brothers are known for their invention, building and flying the first airplane. Henry Ford is known like father of automobile powered by a gasoline engine. Alexander Bell created the first telephone.

I also know some famous architects who lived in America. For example, Thomas Jefferson who is best known as the first president of the
USA and the author of Declaration of Independence. But he was also a self- taught architect who designed the Virginia State Capitol Building.
As for actors, directors and singers, America and the Great Britain stand on the first place. Elvis Presley, the king of rock’ n ’roll, was born and lived in America, but the most popular group for all the times and nations, the Beatles, began their career in Britain. Movie- Actors like Al
Pachino, Robert De Nero, Tom Cruise, Arnold Schwarzneger and many others live in USA and play in Hollywood blockbasters. The most successful
Hollywood film-directors today are Steven Spielberg, George Lucas and
James Cameron. Their films are very popular all over the world and in our country as well.

And of cause I can say something about famous politicians who lived in
English-speaking countries. Sir Winston Churchill was the prime minister of the United Kingdom in a very difficult period – during the World War II, but he managed to make England a strong country.
George Washington, who was the first president of the United States,

is probably the most famous man in America. There were also such great presidnts as Abraham Lincoln, Teodor Roosewelt and Franclin Roosewelt that did their best to make the USA a leading world-power ( ведущая мировая держава).

15. TV has good and bad sides. First of all it keeps people informed, we can learn a lot of information watching TV. We can choose from a lot of channels, and TV offers programs for all the interests and tastes.
Sometimes we can relax and entertain ourselves by watching TV when we are tired. TV advertisement gives us information about different products and it makes it easier to make a choice as to what things to buy. When we watch TV we learn about the world, famous people and recent global or our home-country news.

But watcing TV also has a lot of disadvantages.
First of all, it’s quite bad for our health, especially for eyes.
Violence on TV has become a vital problem. Some programs and films with violence and murders make people cruel and affects their psych (психику).
Often there is too much advertisement on TV that encourage us to buy things we don’t need at all.
Watching TV occupies all the leisure time of the majority of people. We just watch it, not concentrate, and waste time.
So, to sum up, it can be said that it can be useful and interesting to watch TV, but in reasonable limits.

16. When I don’t need to study at school I have a lot of free time.
Every time my opinion is different and I change my mind many times, before
I think up what to do and where can I go. It is quite difficult for me to make a choice.
Sometimes I would like to seat at home and just watch TV or listen to music. Then I don’t want to see anybody, I just want to be alone. Usually it happens when the weather is not good or when I^m in a bad mood. When I am tired, I like to read or to lay and watch something on TV. It is the best time-passing for me, because my eyes and my brain can work, but my body can rest.
The way I pass my time depends on what is the season: in winter I’m less active but in all other seasons I don’t like to seat at home.
On autumn and spring vacations I go to the disco with my friends. There I can relax and meet new people, but my parents don’t like when I go there, because they worry when I come to home very late.
On summer I prefer to do sports every day. I think that summer is the best time for sport, because the weather outside is worm and you don’t get tired at school, so you have a lot of powers and you can do anything you like.
Traveling is my favorite kind of spending free time. I like to go to different places, especially if I havent been there before, to watch the places of interests and to meet new people and make new friends.

I also like to collect different things. Now I collect corks from beer-bottles, but my collection is not very big. I have only 160 kinds of corks.
In my free time I like to sit in the Internet, because its always interesting to find new infomation or to learn something you would like ot know, or just to chat with people who are miles away.

17. Everybody knows that education helps to form personality and prepares one for life. That’s why all countries consider the system of education as a very important part of national politicy.

In Russia there is a nine-year compulsory education, but to enter a university one has to study two years more. Russian children go to
School at the age of six. But most of them have learned letters in kindergarden, which is now part of primary school. Primary and secondary schools together comprise eleven years of study.
After finishing secondary school one can go to a lyceum or a gymnasium to get a higher education. All the applicants must take competitive examinations.

Americans also value education very much. Universal access to a high quality education has been one of the nation’s historic goals.
Children go to school at the time they reach six or seven years and study there until they are sixteen or seventeen.
Elementary and Secondary schools consist of twelve year –studing, that makes for about 10 months a year, five days a week and five hours a day.
Almost in every elementary school such subjects as English, Mathematics,
Science, Social Studies, Music, Art and Physical Education are being taught.
After graduating from secondary schools a growing number of Americans go on studing to get to a higher education in colleges or universities, the most famous of which are the Harvard University, the Yiel and the Columbia university
The British system of education has a very long history.
Children go to school at the age of 5 years and continue to study until they are 16 years old. Boys and girls are taught together in the most schools. Around half of 3- and 4- years-olds in Britain receive nursery education and many children attend preschool play-groups. Compulsory primary education begins at the age of 5. Children usually start their school career in an infant school and move to a junior school or department at 7.
At 7 and 11 years in the primary school (and at 14 and 16 in the secondary school) teachers measure children’s progress in each subject against attainment targets. For each target there are 10 levels of attainment. So instead of 2, 3, 4and 5 marks in Russia puipls get A, B, C, D etc. scores.
The secondary level includes the children from 11 to 18. Here they enhance
( укреплять ) and specify the knowledge they have acquired at primary school. At the age of 16 they can get the General Certificate of Secondary
Education qualifications on the basis of examinations and course work.
Puiples who got high examination scores hve chances to continue their education in collges and universities without pay. There are 79 universities in the UK , Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest of them.

18. Nowadays the theatre is less popular than the cinema. Due to the popularity of television and the since appearance of video, theatre has lost a great deal of its attraction. Besides, theatre tickets are very expensive, especially in good theatres. And one should always book ( бронировать ) and buy the tickets for good plays where famous actors star in advance. So we can say that a visit to a famous theatre has become a luxury.
Still, the theatre is an inseparable part of the intellectual life of any country. In every country theatre has its own history and traditions.
There are a lot of theatres in Russia and some of them are popular all over the world. In Moscow theatre-goers try not to miss the first nights at the
Vachtangov, Sovremennik, or Khudozhestvenny theatres. St. Petersburg also has a variety of theatres, which meet all the tastes. Those who are fond of drama visit the Bolshoi Drama Theatre. Alexandrinsky Theatre, Open Theatre and many others. People loving classic music never miss a chance to visit the Philharmonic Society Hall.

I like the cinema too, even though it doesn’t create so festive atmosphere as the thetre does. There is one cinema in our town and it’s open very seldom. So every time when I have the opportunity to go to
Moscow, I like to go to the cinema there. There are very many movie- theatres in Moscow, modern and old ones, where one can always see some new film. Moscow movie-theatres are large, comfortable and well-decorated.
Before a film starts people can sit in a bar and drink something or eat pop-corn. Before a movie you can see the announcements of new films.

Nowadays video becomes more and more popular. I think that its popular depends on the comfort of viewing things on video. You can just buy a video-tape with your favorite film and watch it whenever you want and have time. So you can lay on a sofa when you are watching video, eat or drink anything you like and even talk on the phone Video is very comfortable and relatively unexpensive because you don’t need to pay money every time, when you are going to watch it).
Maybe when the technology developes enough and everyone will be rich enough to allow this, there will a «home movie-theatre» in every house and people would not need to the cinema to enjoy this art.

19. Millions people al over the world spend their holidays visiting museums and art galleries. They visit them to see new things, to know more about other countries, their traditions, about history and even future of the mankind. There are different type of museums : historical, military, nature and many others. The Tower of London is a historical museum. It is the oldest palace, fortress and prison in Europe. It’s also one of the most popular museums nowadays.
Saint Petersburg is often called « the cultural capital of Russia». Many of
Russia’s finest museums are situated here. The Hermitage, for example, is one of the world’s greatest and most famous museums. It houses over 2,5 million works of art. The best works of art from Russia and Europe are situated in the five buildings and over 350 rooms that make up the
Hermitage. The main building of the Hermitage is the Winter Palace on
Palace Square with the main entrance facing the Neva.
The state Tretyakov Gallery is one of the best-known picture galleries in the world. It takes its name from its founder Pavel Tretyakov, a Moscow merchant and collector of pictures. Today the Tretyakov gallery is not only
Russia’s biggest and most important museums of Russian art, it is also a research, cultural and educational center.

20. I know a lot of American, British and Russian writers, but some of them I like to read most.
To my mind, the greatest Russian writers and poets are Pushkin and
Lermontov. My favorite Pushkin’s masterpiece is the novel «Evgeny
Onegin». I like it because it is written in a very beautiful language that is not used nowadays. There are many popular expressions there, which became famous in Russia, and what is most peculiar (особенное) about this novel, that Pushkin invented a special Onegin strophe in which the whole world is written.

Lermontov is also a very talented poet.. He wrote a lot of very popular poems and novels, for example, «The hero of our time» and
«Мцыри». I think that he stands at one place with Pushkin, though his style of writing is not such light and optimistic as Poushkins. But all the masterpieces of Lermontov are very profound ( глубокий ) and intellectual.
I prefer to read American science-fiction and I have my favorite writers there.
I think that the best writer of the genre is Ray Bradbury. I like him for his very interesting and fascinating short stories. The most popular novels of this author are «The Martian Chronicles» and «451 degrees on
Fahrenheit». His novel «Ice and flame» is the best, I think. The novel is about surviving of the man in very hard conditions of the Mercury. His short stories are also very interesting, they arise such everlasting problems as war, love, bravery and honor. The novels and stories ob
Bradbury are unlike all the others, they all are not ordinary.
Another my favorite writer is Robert Shaklee. He wrote only three novels, but they became very popular in the world of science-fiction.
There are: «Corporation Immortality», «Exchange of the minds» and «Variants of a Choice». He also wrote more than 90 short stories, which are, too, very interesting.
I think that literature helps one to develop his knowledge of life and his personal intellect. And the books written by great talented people remain up-to date even through centuries ( lets take the masterpieces of
Shakespear ), because they consider eternal problems. That’s why they are called classics.