Предыдущая страница реферата | 23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31  32  33 | Следующая страница реферата

В дальнейшем мы скорее будем не раз возвращаться к теме международных организаций. Они будут рассматриваться при анализе различных СКС и их истории в 20 веке. Поэтому в данном тексте ограничимся только предельно общими выводами. В противном случае придется затрагивать материал, связанный с особенностями эволюции различных социо-культурных образований.

Классификация международных организаций на основании критерия принадлежности к определенным социо-культурным образованьям очень важна. Она позволяет решить большое количество теоретических задач политологического характера и принимать нетривиальные и эффективные практические решения.

Структура международных организаций имеет социо-культурные основания. Нет нейтральных международных организаций. Они всегда выполняют определенную социо-культурную функцию и отражают строго определенное соотношение социо-культурных образований. "Цивилизованный" вариант борьбы социо-культурных образований проявляется через международные организации.

Международные организации, связанные с экономической и в особенности финансовой деятельностью часто носят весьма обширный характер и включат большое количество стран обычно весьма пассивных в социо-культурном отношении.

Организации, связанные с политическими связями в особенности с преобразованием буферных зон более монолитны, чем любые иные организации. Они могут иметь кратковременное существование, но быть очень эффективными.

Политический фактор играет весьма поверхностную роль в формировании международных организаций. Это касается даже политических организаций. За политикой стоит более фундаментальное явление. Оно связано с динамикой социо-культурных образований. Конкретные отношения стран, представляющих различные социо-культурные образования, принимают политические формы. Сам по себе, политический фактор слишком недолговечен и изменчив, по сравнению с социо-культурными принципами.

Количество организаций в СКС зависит, в основном, от того сколь большим количеством государств она представлена. Количество организаций в СКС есть фактор весьма второстепенный и сам по себе ничего не говорящий об СКС. Все зависит от этапа и периода ее эволюции.

Громадное большинство СКС не проявляет особого интереса к созданию организаций, включающих государства иных образований, с которыми нет непосредственного соседства. Исключение составляет только западная СКС. Это связано с особенностями ее внутреннего развития, но не может пониматься как признак уникальности. Все социо-культурные образования уникальны и все по своему.

1. ВСЕМИРНЫЕ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИЕ ГОСУДАРСТВА РАЗЛИЧНЫХ СОЦИО-КУЛЬТУРНЫХ ОБРАЗОВАНИЙ, ОРИЕНТИРОВАННЫЕ НА РЕШЕНИЕ ГЛОБАЛЬНЫХ ЗАДАЧ

Universal Postal Union (UPU)

established-9 October 1874,

affiliated with the UN 15 November 1947

effective-1 July 1948

members-(178) Afghanistan, Albania,Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria,The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus,Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana,Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi,Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo,Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece,Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti,Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia,Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy,Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati,North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia,Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein,Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico,Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ,Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Overseas Territories of the UK, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga,Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda,Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire,Zambia, Zimbabwe

International Olympic Committee (IOC)

established-23 June 1894

members-(168) Afghanistan, Albania,Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica,Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti,Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India,Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica,Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia,Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia,Zimbabwe

Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)

established-NA 1899

members-(78) Argentina, Australia,Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria,Burkina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China,Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras,Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy,Japan, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg,Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua,Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia,Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland,Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay,Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zimbabwe

International Labor Organization (ILO)

established-11 April 1919

members-(158) Afghanistan, Algeria,Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria,Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil,Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada,Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy,Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia,Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi,Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia,Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama,Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia,San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia,Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela,Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS)

established-5 May 1919

members-(148) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,   Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand,Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK,US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen,Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabweassociate members-(2) Equatorial Guinea, Gabon

International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)

established-NA 1919

members-(58 national councils) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Burkina,Cameroon, Canada, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Cyprus,Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Gabon,Germany, Greece, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mexico, Morocco,Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan,Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire

World Confederation of Labor (WCL)

established-19 June 1920

as the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions (IFCTU), renamed 4 October 1968

members-(94 national organizations) Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia,Bonaire Island, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Cameroon,Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba,Curacao, Cyprus, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,El Salvador, France, French Guiana, Gabon, The Gambia,Ghana, Grenada, Guadaloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana,Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Italy, Jamaica,Kenya, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar,Malaysia, Mali, Martinique, Mauritius, Mexico,Montserrat, Namibia, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger,Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand,Togo, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zaire,Zambia, Zimbabwe

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

established-NA 1928

members-(9) 2 representatives from ICRC, 2 from LORCS, and 5 from national societies elected by the international conference of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

established-9 December 1932

effective-1 January 1934 affiliated with the UN-15 November 1947

members-(168) Afghanistan, Albania,Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain,Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin,Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria,Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada,Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti,Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, EquatorialGuinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia,Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras,Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya,Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea,Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi,Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco,Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa (suspended), Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)

established-7 December 1944

effective-4 April 1947

members-(173) Afghanistan, Albania,Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain,Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan,Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria,Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France,Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia,Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati,North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon,Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia,Madagacar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco,Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan,Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia,Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa (suspended), Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname,Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania,Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia,Zimbabwe

United Nations (UN)

established-26 June 1945

effective-24 October 1945

members-(182 excluding Yugoslavia) Afghanistan, Albania,Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas,Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma,Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, CentralAfrican Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica,Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti,Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea,Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon,The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada,Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti,Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait,Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia,Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia,Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands,Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco,Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua,Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and theGrenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore,Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland,Sweden, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan,Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan,Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia,Zimbabwe;

note-all UN members are represented in the General Assembly

observers-(2 and the Palestine Liberation Organization) Holy See, Switzerland, Palestine Liberation Organization

Рекомендуем скачать другие рефераты по теме: реферат г, банк курсовых.





Предыдущая страница реферата | 23  24  25  26  27  28  29  30  31  32  33 | Следующая страница реферата