Методические указания по английскому языку

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The monarch's power is limited by the Parliament consisting of two
Chambers: the Chamber of Commons and the Chamber of Lords.

The Chamber of Commons is popularly elected and the Chamber of Lords is composed of high-born nobility who hold their title by right of succession.

The executive power is welded by the Cabinet presided by the Prime
Minister. The post of the Premier is filled by the leader of the party which holds the majority in the Chamber of Commons.

There are two major parties in G. B. - the Conservative and the
Labour.

The National Programme Of Personnel Training.

The National Programme of Personnel Training corresponds to provisions of the Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Education”, elaborated on the basis of the analysis of national experience, proceeding from the world achievements in the system of education and oriented on molding of new staff generation with high common and professional culture, creative and social activity, ability to orientate itself independently in socio- political life, capable to put forward and solve perspective tasks.

The aim of the present programme is the fundamental reforming of education system, elaboration of the national education system for training of highly qualified personnel up to the level advance democratic states and meeting the requirements of high spirit and morals.

The implementation of the aim demands the development of mutually beneficial international collaboration in personnel training.

The international legal base for cooperation in for personnel training is created, prior directions of international cooperation are being realized, international education structures are developed, exchange of scientific researches and teaching staff and students are widened. The base for international recognition of national decree on education is prepared.
The activity of concerned Ministries and Departments, Embassies of
Uzbekistan for the sake of intensive attraction the direct and indirect foreign investments for specialists training is intensified.

Revival of spiritual values and national self-consciousness.

No society can see its perspective without the development and strengthening its spiritual potential, spiritual and moral values in consciousness of people.

The cultural values of the nation, its spiritual heritage have been a powerful source of spirituality for the peoples of the East during millennia. In spite of rigid ideological pressure during a long period, the people of Uzbekistan have managed to preserve their historical and cultural values and their local traditions, that were carefully transferred from generation to generation.

From the first days of our independence, the major problem, raised on state policy level has been to revive that huge, invaluable spiritual and cultural legacy that was formed by our ancestors during many centuries.

But we were aware that the simple deny of values of the former system posed a danger of political and cultural extremism which did not imply any creative programme. At the same time, spontaneous and thoughtless return to the values, traditions and tenor of the past can lead to another extreme: to the denial of modern life, to the denial of the necessity to modernize the society.

Historical memory, restoration of an objective and truthful history of the nation, native territory, territory of the state is given an extremely important place in the revival and growth of national self-consciousness, and if you agree also the national pride.

Historical experience, succession of traditions - all this should become those values, on which new generations are brought up.

Static Electricity.

We shall give an account of the electrification of bodies in terms of atomic structure. The atoms, normally containing equal numbers of electrons and protons (units of negative and positive charges respectively), are broken up, and electrons pass from one body to another, leaving the former positively and the later negatively charged. This is not the normal condition of matter, and at the first opportunity the positively charged body acquires electrons and the negatively charged body expels electrons, so as to recover the neutral state.

The Electric Current.

When a conductor joins two points of different potential, electricity flows from one to the other along the conductor until the potentials are equal.

This process is very rapid, and with good conductors is completed in a fraction of a second. While it lasts, an electric current is said to flow from one point to the other. By convention, the direction of the current is said to be that from the higher to the lower potential, i. e. the direction in which positive charges would travel, but actually, owing to their much greater mobility, it is the negative electrons, which move, and it is their motion, which constitutes the current. It is unfortunate that, before the existence of electrons was thought of the conventional direction of the current should have been wrongly chosen, but it is now too late to alter the convention. The student must bear in mind that when a current is said to flow from A to B, what actually happens is that electrons flow from B to
A.

Magnetism.

The existence of magnets shows that matter can be active. Everyone knows something of the property of certain pieces of iron steel - and to a smaller extent, cobalt and nickel- by which they can attract other pieces of iron and steel and hold them up against gravity; and there is, in fact, a naturally occurring oxide of iron, knows as "lodestone" which has the same property. If we suspend a magnet by its center so that it hangs horizontally, and then bring the end of another magnet near one of its ends, we find that the suspended magnet is either attracted or repelled; while if we present the other end of the second magnet to the same end of suspended one, the reverse happens-there is either repulsion or attraction.
On the other hand, either end of the magnet will attract pieces of iron, which are not magnets.

Magnetic Polarity.

We have here a behavior somewhat similar to that of electrified. The magnitude of the force is again far greater than that of gravity; and there is the same attraction and repulsion between bodies affected, and only attraction between an affected and an unaffected body. We therefore speak of positive and negative magnetization if we wish. We do not, however, use these terms, but speak of two ends of the magnet as "north" and "south" poles. The reason for this is that a freely suspended magnet always hangs so that one end points approximately towards the north and the other approximately towards the south, and if we disturb it, it always returns to the position. We therefore speak of the north-speaking poles, and these names are usually abbreviated to north (N) and south (S) poles.