563
|
67
|
5
|
629
|
<у> after hard consonants (the
beginning of words after heightproposition). Letters И and Ы
|
50
|
26
|
-
|
26
|
Table 1. Ratio of morphological, phonetic, hyperical and traditional orthographic principles in vowel phoneme
lettering on foreign word material from "Vesty-Kuranty. 1600-1639".
We have no possibility to give the
list of accented forms in the paper. Many words have two accents (one of them, additional, appears by virtue of phonetic reasons). The additional stress
position is the strong one in the Russian language and it may be not
considered.
Let me proceed to the orthographic
analysis directly. A stressed variant of the word is compared with written and
spoken forms in the language-source and then is classified as the demonstration
of certain principles. Then phonemes а(in the position after hard
consonants and at the absolute beginning of words) and i(in the position after soft
consonants and at the beginning of words where it can alternate with y) are considered. So, аin these positions may be lettered
by O or A in Russian.
If ais lettered by A and ais a reflex of the phoneme
designated in a languagesource by the letter reproducing phoneme refllex ait is considered as the display of
morphological principle. E.g.: ' Аргелскии' - Spanish ' Argel'.
If ais lettered by O and ais a reflex of the phoneme
designated in a languagesource by the letter reproducing phoneme refllex oit is the display of morphological
principle too. E.g.: 'Комора' - Ger. 'Komorn'.
If ais lettered by A and ais a reflex of the phoneme
designated in a languagesource by the letter reproducing phoneme refllex oit is considered as the
demonstration of phonetic principle. E.g.: ' азано' - It. 'Fossano'.
If ais lettered by O and ais a reflex of the phoneme
designated in a languagesource by the letter reproducing phoneme refllex ait is the demonstration of hyperical
principle. E.g.: 'Ровенстеин' - Ger. 'Ravenstein'.
As for iit can be lettered by Е or И (if at the beginning of words it is lettered
by Ы it may be
classified as the action of phonetic principle).
If iis lettered by И and iis a reflex of the phoneme
designated in a languagesource by the letter reproducing phoneme refllex iit is the display of morphological
principle. E.g.: 'Лютих'
- Ger. 'Luttich'.
If iis lettered by Е and iis a reflex of the phoneme
designated in a languagesource by the letter reproducing phoneme refllex eit is the display of morphological
principle too. E.g.: 'Антверпен' - Ger. 'Antwerpens'.
If iis lettered by И and iis a reflex of the phoneme
designated in a languagesource by the letter reproducing phoneme refllex eit is the demonstration of phonetic
principle. E.g.: '(из) Дрездина' - Ger. 'Dresden'.
If iis lettered by E and iis a reflex of the phoneme
designated in a languagesource by the letter reproducing phoneme refllex iit is hyperical principle. E.g.: '(из) Мендена' - Ger. 'Minden'. It can be tabled.
It allows us to sum up. There are
4029 orthograms for 1790 word-uses. There are 785 spellings according to
morphological principle that accounts for 20%, 101 spellings according to
phonetic principle that accounts for 2,5%, 14 spellings according to hyperical
principle that accounts for 0,3%, 3129 spellings (in sum with earlier figers)
according to traditional principle that accounts for 77,7%. Now I would pass to
phenomena of consosnant phoneme lettering. To begin with weak positions for
consonants are those of voicing and unvoicing. Weak positions of hardness and
softness are not analyzed in the work for lack of the material.
German g could reflect as gand in Russian therefore both 'Бранденбурк' and 'Бранденбурх' ( Brandenburg) are the
reproduction of the voiceless consonant in spelling and it can be the
demonstration of phonetic principle. Sometimes unvoicing phonemes are carried
into the strong position. E.g.: 'Амбурка' (Amburg), 'Нюренбурху' (Nurnberg). Having analysed reflection of
foreign consonants in the Russian language I can offer the table. The line
other cases", strictly sreaking it is not a position, is entered for
giving an opportunity to classify the cases clear for analysis. It includes :
1) traditional spellings in
consonants : КС - , Ф - ;
2) morpheme juncture in adjectives :
a stem (with the last phonemes d/t, g/k/h) plus suffix -ск- (sk). The position may be reflected by changing
letters, e.g. :Гирсъqелтские - German feld , (demonstration of
phonetic principle) ; by cutting a stem (as n attemp to reproduce
pronounciation), e.g. : Гасqелский - German
feld, (phonetic principle); by retaining be letter to designate a reflex of a
phoneme in a language - source, e.g. : Гасqелдъский - German feld , (morphological principle).
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