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Boyle's law (R. Boyle; 1662); Mariotte's law (E. Mariotte; 1676)

The product of the pressure and the volume of an ideal gas atconstant temperature is a constant.
Brackett series (Brackett)

The series which describes the emission spectrum of hydrogen whenthe electron is jumping to the fourth orbital. All of the linesare in the infrared portion of the spectrum.
Bragg's law (Sir W.L. Bragg; 1912)

When a beam of x-rays strikes a crystal surface in which thelayers of atoms or ions are regularly separated, the maximumintensity of the reflected ray occurs when the sine of thecompliment of the angle of incidence is equal to an integermultiplied by the wavelength of x-rays divided by twice thedistance between layers of atoms or ions.
Brewster's law (D. Brewster)

The extent of the polarization of light reflected from atransparent surface is a maximum when the reflected ray is atright angles to the refracted ray.
Brownian motion (R. Brown; 1827)

The continuous random motion of solid microscopic particles whensuspended in a fluid medium due to the consequence of continuousbombardment by atoms and molecules.
Carnot's theorem (S. Carnot)

The theorem which states that no engine operating between twotemperatures can be more efficient than a reversible engine. centrifugal pseudoforce

A pseudoforce -- a fictitious force resulting from being in a non- inertial frame of reference -- that occurs when one is moving inuniform circular motion. One feels a "force" outward from thecenter of motion.
Chandrasekhar limit (S. Chandrasekhar; 1930)

A limit which mandates that no white dwarf (a collapsed,degenerate star) can be more massive than about 1.2 solar masses.Anything more massive must inevitably collapse into a neutronstar.
Charles' law (J.A.C. Charles; c. 1787)

The volume of an ideal gas at constant pressure is proportional tothe thermodynamic temperature of that gas.
Cherenkov radiation (P.A. Cherenkov)

Radiation emitted by a massive particle which is moving fasterthan light in the medium through which it is travelling. Noparticle can travel faster than light in vacuum, but the speed oflight in other media, such as water, glass, etc., are considerablylower. Cherenkov radiation is the electromagnetic analogue of thesonic boom, though Cherenkov radiation is a shockwave set up inthe electromagnetic field.
Complementarity principle (N. Bohr)

The principle that a given system cannot exhibit both wave-likebehavior and particle-like behavior at the same time. That is,certain experiments will reveal the wave-like nature of a system,and certain experiments will reveal the particle-like nature of asystem, but no experiment will reveal both simultaneously.
Compton effect (A.H. Compton; 1923)

An effect that demonstrates that photons (the quantum ofelectromagnetic radiation) have momentum. A photon fired at astationary particle, such as an electron, will impart momentum tothe electron and, since its energy has been decreased, willexperience a corresponding decrease in frequency.
Coriolis pseudoforce (G. de Coriolis; 1835)

A pseudoforce -- a fictitious force, like the centrifugal "force"-- which arises because the rotation of the Earth varies atdifferent latitutdes (maximum at the equator, zero at the poles). correspondence principle.

The principle that when a new, more specialized theory is putforth, it must reduce to the more general (and usually simpler)theory under normal circumstances. There are correspondenceprinciples for general relativity to special relativity andspecial relativity to Newtonian mechanics, but the most widelyknown correspondence principle (and generally what is meant whenone says "correspondence principle") is that of quantum mechanicsto classical mechanics.
Cosmic background radiation; primal glow

The background of radiation mostly in the frequency range 3.1011 to
3.108 Hz discovered in space in 1965. It is believedto be the cosmologically redshifted radiation released by the BigBang itself.
Presently it has an energy density in empty space ofabout
Cosmological redshift

An effect where light emitted from a distant source appearsredshifted because of the expansion of space itself. Compare withthe Doppler effect.
Coulomb's law

The primary law for electrostatics, analogous to Newton's law ofuniversal gravitation. It states that the force between two pointcharges is proportional to the algebraic product of theirrespective charges as well as proportional to the inverse squareof the distance between them.
CPT theorem
Curie-Weiss law (P. Curie, P.-E. Weiss)

A more general form of Curie's law, which states that thesusceptibility of a paramagnetic substance is inverselyproportional to the thermodynamic temperature of the substanceless the Weiss constant, a characteristic of that substance.
Curie's law (P. Curie)

The susceptibility of a paramagnetic substance is inverselyproportional to the thermodynamic temperature of the substance.The constant of proportionality is called the Curie constant.
Dalton's law of partial pressures (J. Dalton)

The total pressure of a mixture of ideal gases is equal to the sumof the partial pressures of its components; that is, the sum ofthe pressures that each component would exert if it were presentalone and occuped the same volume as the mixture.

Davisson-Germer experiment (C.J. Davisson, L.H. Germer; 1927)

An experiment that conclusively confirmed the wave nature ofelectrons; diffraction patterns were observed by an electron beampenetrating into a nickel target.
De Broglie wavelength (L. de Broglie; 1924)

The prediction that particles also have wave characteristics,where the effective wavelength of a particle would be inverselyproportional to its momentum, where the constant ofproportionality is the Planck constant.
Doppler effect (C.J. Doppler)

Waves emitted by a moving observer will be blueshifted(compressed) if approaching, redshifted (elongated) if receding.It occurs both in sound as well as electromagnetic phenomena,although it takes on different forms in each.
Dulong-Petit law (P. Dulong, A.T. Petit; 1819)

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