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Приложение XV

Стилистические расхождения на лексическо-семантическом уровне

1. Семантика может содержать два варианта (AmE // BrE)

| |BrE |AmE |
|vacation |1. b esp BrE any of the period|1. a usu AmE a holiday |
|каникулы |of holiday when unuversities | |
| |are closed | |
|local2 |2. a pub near where one lives,|3. esp. a bus train etc that |
|infml |esp a pub which one |stops at all regular. |
| |oftendrinks at... having a |4. a branch of a trade union |
| |print in/at his local | |
|ratty |1. infml bad-tempered |2. infml untidy & in bad |
| |irritable |condition shabby, a ratty old |
| | |coat |
|buzzard |1. a large bird (a kind of |2. a large black bird (a kind |
| |Hawk) that kills & eat other |of Vulture) that eats dead |
| |creatures |flesh |
|pavement |1. a paved surface or path at |2. the hard surface of a |
| |the side of a street for |street |
| |people to walk on | |
|smart |esp. neat & stylish in |2. esp. a) a good or quick in |
| |appearance |thinking clever; b) |
| |3. quick or forceful: a smart |disrespectful, esp. towards |
| |blow |someone older such as one’s |
| | |teachers or parents, impudent |
|badge |anything esp. a small piece of|2. a small piece of metal with|
| |metal or plastique with a |words or pictures on it which |
| |picture of words on it, worn |shows authority |
| |to show rank, member-ship of a| |
| |group, support for a political| |
| |idea. | |
|bun |1. a small round sweet cake |2. a small round kind of |
| | |bread, usu plain but sometimes|
| | |swetend |
|bureau |1. a large desk or |for chest of drawers |
| |writing-table with a wooden |4. esp. a division of |
| |cover which shuts ot sides |government department |
| |over the top to close it | |
|lumber |1. esp. useless or unwanted |3. esp. for timber |
| |articles, such as furniture, | |
| |stored away somewhere | |
|sweetie |1. infml (used esp. by or to |3. sweetheart |
| |children) a sweet | |
|homely |1. esp. simple not trying to |2. (of people, faces etc) not |
| |seem important or special, a |good-looking, unattractive |
| |homely meal of bread & cheese | |
|dresser |1. esp. a piece of furniture |2. a chest of drawers used |
| |for holding dises or other |esp. for clothing, often with |
| |articles used in eating with |a mirror on top. |
| |shelves & cupboards below | |
|hole-in-the-w|1. for cash dispenser |2. a small business, esp. a |
|all | |restaurant that may not be |
| | |easy to find |
|biscuit |1. a flat thin dry cake, |2. for scones |
| |sweetend or unsweetened usu. | |
| |sold in packets or tins | |
|rug |2. esp. a large warm wollen |3. humor, esp. for toupee |
| |covering to wrap round |(наклейка) |
| |oneself, esp. when travelling | |
| |or camping | |
|entree |2. a) esp. a small meat dish, |2. b) esp. the main dish of a |
|[ontrei]; |served after the fish & before|meal |
|[a:ntrei] |the main dish in a formal | |
| |dinner | |
|cracker |4. infml someone or something |5. derog a poor white person |
| |that is very good, used esp. |from the American south |
| |of a very attractive woman | |
|highway |2. the best of most direct |1. esp... or law a broad main |
| |way; high road |road used by traffic going in |
| | |both directions, and often |
| | |leading from one town to |
| | |another |
|backyard |1. a yard behind a house |2. an area of land behind a |
| |covered wit a hard surface |house, usu. covered with |
| | |grass, a back garden |
|corn |1. (the seed of) any of |2. esp... & AustrE for a) |
| |various types of grain plants |maize; b) sweetcorn |
| |such as barley, eats & esp. | |
| |wheat | |
|tank top |1. a usu. wollen tight fitting|2. a top without sleeves which|
| |top without sleeves, worn over|is made of very light material|
| |a blouse or shirt & popular |such as cotton for wearing in |
| |esp. in the 1970s |very hot weather |
|bit1 |2. esp. any part or piece of | |
| |something larger | |
| |esp. a certain amount, some | |
| |infml a) a small cion esp. one| |
| |worth three or six old pence |5. infml b) 12 1/2 cents |
|motorbike |1. infml a motorcycle |2. a small light motorcycle |
|dinky |1. old-fash small & charming |2. derog small & unimportant a|
| | |dinky little room |
|terrace |1. esp. a row of houses joined|2. a) balcony or porch |
| |to each other | |
| |3. esp. any of a number of | |
| |wide steps on which watchers | |
| |stand at a football match | |
|ratty |1. infml bad tempered; |2. infml untidy & in bad |
| |irritable |condition, shabby; a ratty old|
| | |coat |
|freshman |1. also fresher infml a |2. a student in the first year|
| |student in the first year at |at high school, college, or |
| |college or university |university |
|song & dance |1. esp. an unnecessary or |2. a complicated or misleading|
|infml |useless show of confusion |explanation |
| |anger, excitement, etc | |
|pitcher1 |1. a large container for |2. for jug (1) |
| |holding and pouring liquids | |
| |usu. made of clay & having two| |
| |earshaped handles | |

2. Одно из значений является одним из вариантов, т.е. одно из значений слова стилистически маркировано
| |BrE |AmE |
|express |2. alsoexpress delivery esp. | |
| |BrE a service given by the | |
| |post office railways etc. for | |
| |carrying things faster than | |
| |usual send the letter by | |
| |express | |
|recreation | |2. also recroom a room in a |
|room | |house used for playing games |
| | |in |
|rubroom | |a massage, esp. after exercise|
|bathroom | |2. a toilet |
|sink2 | |1. b) esp. a washbasin |
|duster | |2. a light coat worn to |
| | |protect one’s clothes from |
| | |dust while cleaning the house |
|non-smoker |2. railway carriage where | |
| |smoking is not allowed | |
|dressing | |4. for stuffing |
|Chinkie, |1. infml a takeway which sells| |
|Chinky |chinese goods | |
|Chinless |2. infml weak & cowardly | |
3. Внутри одного из семантических значений указываются два варианта, т.е. у одного значения 2 слова, относящиеся к разным вариантам
|BrE |AmE |meaning |
|sweet2 |usu. candy|a small piece of sweet food made of sugar of |
| | |chocolate |
| | |sweet food served at the end of a meal |
|luggage |baggage |a small cart which is often provided at an airport or|
|trolley |cart |station to halp people move their luggage |
|tip esp. |dump esp. |a large place where unwanted waste is taken & left |
|flip-flop|thongs |1. a type of open shoe which is usu. made of rubber &|
| | |is held on by the toes & loose at the back |
|rubbish |garbage, |1. things or material of no use or value that have |
| |trash |been thrown away |
|fag end |cigarette |1. the last bit of a smoked & usu. no longer burning |
|infml |but |cigarette |
|car park |parking |an open space where cars & other vehicles may be |
| |lot |parked, smt for a small payment |
| | | |
| |parking |2. an enclosed building used for this purpose |
| |garage | |
|biscuit |cookie |a flat thin dry cake, sweetend or unsweetened, usu |
| |esp. |sold in packets or tins |
|tote2 |parimutual|1. a machine that shows the number of bets placed on |
| |machine |each horse or dog in a race |
| | |***************************** |
|clerk1 |salesclerk|3. a person who works in a shop selling things |
|hockey |field |a game played by two teams of 11 players each, with |
|esp. |hockey |sticks & a ball. Hockey is usu. played in winter |
| |esp. | |
|mouldy |moldy |of or covered with mould |
|terrace |usu. patio|4. a) a flat area next to a house usu with a stone |
| | |floor, used as an outdoor living area |
|lollipop |lollypop |1. a hard sweet made of boiled sugar fixed on a |
| |sucker |stick, which is eaten by licking |
|warm up |warm up |1. to reheat (cooked food) for eating |
|esp. | | |

4. Смешанный тип: внутри сeмантики выделяется еще и другая разновидность стилистического компонента.

| |BrE |AmE |
|tip (4) |2. infml an extremely | |
| |untidy& dirty place. | |
| flip-flop(1) | |2. infml a change of |
| | |mind |
| flip-flop(2) |infml to change one's | |
| |mind | |
| duster | infml for dust storm | |
|fag (1) | sl a cigarette | |
|fag(2) | | derog sl for |
| | |Homosexual |
| tube | 4. infml for |6. infml for television|
| |underground a tube | |
| |station/train | |
| cookie | | 3. also cooky – sl a |
| | |person of particular |
| | |type:a smart/tough |
| | |cookie. |
|rug | |3.humor,esp for toupee |
|chinkie chinky |1. infml a takeway | |
| |which sells chinese | |
| |food | |
|Chinless | 2. infml weak & | |
| |cowardly | |
|highway | | esp…or law a broad |
| | |main road used by |
| | |traffic going in both |
| | |directions & often |
| | |leading from one town |
| | |to another. |
|mouldy | 2. sl of little | |
| |value;unpleasant. | |
|dinky |1. old-fash small & |2. derog small & |
| |charming. |unimportant. |
|warm over | | 2.derog,esp to use (an|
| | |idea, argument etc.) |
| | |again. |
|boss(1) | | 2. esp…,usu.derog a |
| | |political party chief, |
| | |esp one who controls a |
| | |local party |
| | |organization. |
|boss(3) | |sl excellent or |
| | |fashionable, a boss |
| | |suit/a boss car. |
|boss(5) |old-fash,sl make a | |
| |boss shot (at) to make | |
| |a first, probably not | |
| |very good attempt (at).| |
|bugger |1.taboo or law to be | |
| |guilty of sodomy. 2.sl | |
| |(used for adding force | |
| |to expressions of | |
| |displeasure or | |
| |surprise: Bugger it! | |
|cracker |4. infml someone or | 5. derog a poor white |
| |smth that |person is very good, |
| | |used esp. of a from the|
| | |American South. very |
| | |attractive woman. |
| | | |

Приложение XVI

Speaking English and talking American.

1. Read the dialogue and try to understand it.

Victor is talking to Brian about British English and American
English.

-Brian, I feel confused sometimes. Which is British and which is
American?

-Don’t worry. It doesn’t really matter very much.

- But sometimes people don’t understand me. And yesterday I had a problem. I got the wrong floor.

-Did you really?

-Yes,I got into the elevator...

-Into the lift...

-Yes, into the lift. And I pressed the button to the fifth floor.

-And you got out on the American sixth?

-Right.Then I remembered that I was not in America.

-You should remember that there’s a ground floor in Britain.

-And I also made a mistake when I filled out the form.

-Filled in you mean.

-Oh, thanks, filled in. I wrote my date of birth the American way.

-The month you were born in first?

-Exactly. It’s so difficult to keep every small difference in mind.

-I think you really needn’t. If somebody doesn’t understand you, he’ll ask you about it.

-Thank you, Brian. You’ve helped me a lot.I wonder if you would like to come to Saint-Petersburg for your vacation.

-When are you going to have your holiday?

-In the fall.

-In autumn.Fall is American again.

-Well, when you come to Saint-Petersburg I’ll learn more British from you.But we don’t have ground floor in Russia either!

a) Where did the action take place? (what country). b) What problem did Victor face?

2. Read the dialogue again and write out the words of British English, of American English and give their Russian equivalents.

British English American English Russian equivalent

-------------------- ---------------------- -----------> -------------------- ---------------------- ------------> -------------------- ---------------------- ------------> -------------------- ---------------------- ------------> Britain?

Write your date of birth

the British way ________________________ the American way:______________________

4. Is it important to learn the both variants? What do you think?

American English - British English

Arrival, airport, means of communication.

1.a)Read the British English words and give their Russian equivalents. b)Read the American English words and give their Russian equivalents. c)Read the Russian words and say what they mean in British English and in American English.

|British English |American English | Russian |
| fill in | fill out | заполнить |
| surname | last name | фамилия |
|Pardon | Excuse me | извините |
|handbag | purse | сумочка |
| lift | elevator | лифт |
| ground floor | first floor | первый этаж |
|telephone box | telephone booth |телефонная будка |
|toilet | restroom |туалет |
|ring up | call up |позвонить |
|Lost Property |Lost and Found |бюро находок |
|put through |connect |соединять |
|engaged |busy |занято |
|queue up |line up |становиться в очередь |
|post code |ZIP code |почтовый индекс |
|telegramme |wire |телеграмма |
|letter-box |mailbox |почтовый ящик |
|change money |exchange money |обменивать деньги |
| |dollar bill |банкнота в 1 доллар |
|pound note | |банкнота в 1 фунт |
|chemist’s |drugstore |аптека |

2.Read the dialoques and say which words belong to an American and which to an Englishman.

|- Do I have to fill out any forms? | - Yes,you have to fill in this |
| |form here, and, please, write your |
| |surname in block letters. |
| | |
|- He means he wants you to print | - I see,thank you. I have to learn|
|your last name |a. new language, it seems. |
| | |
|- Excuse me,could you tell me where| - You mean the toilet Go past the|
|the restroom is? |Lost Property - and there it is. |
| | |
|- You mean Lost and Found? |- Pardon?Oh,you mean my |
|Oh,ma’am, you’ve dropped your |handbag.Thank you very much. |
|purse | |
| | |
|- I want to call a friend up. Where|- You may ring your friend up from |
|is the phone booth? |that phone box over there. |
|- And where do I exchange my dollar| - If you want to change money, |
|bills for pound notes? |you’ll have to take the lift to the|
| |first floor, and there is the bank.|
| | |
|- But we are on the first floor | - It’s the ground floor, and not |
|What do I need an elevator for ? |the first floor.We are on the |
| |ground floor, the bank is on the |
| |first floor,sir. |
| | |
|-Did you make a call to your |- I tried to,but they couldn’t |
|friend? | |
|connect me, and then the line was | |
|busy. | |
| | |
|-If you were English you would have|-I’ll try to remember that,thank |
|said:they couldn’t put me through |you.I have to mail some letters |
|and then the line was engaged |and send a telegram home too. How |
| |do I go about it? |
| | |
|- There’s a letter box in front of |-The chemist’s?. |
|the chemist’s | |
| | |
|- Yes, they call it a drugstore in | - Aha,and there’s the mailbox,I |
|the States |see it.And what about the |
| |telegram? |
| | |
|-You may send the telgramme from |- The ZIP code,you mean? Yes,I know|
|the post office across the street |it.There’s quite a crowd here.Do I |
|You know the post code, of course |have to line up to send the wire? |
|-No, there’s no queue for | |
|telegrammes. | |

a) Read the dialoques again, pick out the British words and their
American equivalents , give their Russian translation. b) Underline the American English words matching with their British
English words.

3.a)You are from England ,help your American friend to understand
British English.

Am.E. Br.E. fill out ------> ------------------ first floor --------> ---------------- drugstore -----------> ---------------- telephone booth -------------> ------------------ call up -------> American English.

Br.E. A.E. surname ------> ----------------- put through ------> ------------------- queue up ------> ------------------- telegramme --------> -------------------- change money -----------> -------------------- c) You are from Russia,you learn British and American English to understand the English Language better.

R. Br.E.

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