Стилистический компонент слова и его лексикографическое отражение
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A stylistic classification of the notations represented in the ERD by
Galperin seems to reflect to a great extend the mobility of the lexical
system so characteristic of the English language at its present stage of
development
The vocabulary has been divided into two ba sic groups: standard and non-standard vocabulary . The standard vocabulary of Modem English falls into three large layers
1. neutral vocabulary
2. literal vocabulary of a general ch aracter
3. colloquial vocabulary of a general character
All words with the exception of the neutral vocabulary are lab eled
(though as it wa s considered in the previous part the stylistic component
can be hidden in the semantical structure of the word, in its very
meaning).
Literary-bookish vocabulary can further be divided into smaller groups:
common literary vocabulary (a part of Standard English), special literary
-bookish words
Thus we may distinguish the following groups of the vocabulary (or layers):
1. Special literary-bookish words which are labeled in the dictionaries; poetical words poet bibl pomp emph rhеt миф библ возвыш ритор archaic words obs arch old use old-fash уст ист nonce words
2 Common literary vocabulary - fml lit terms tdmk tech chem bacterial etnol спец тех foreignisms (barbarisms) Fr It Germ фр ит.
3. Common colloquial vocabulary infml paзг
This three belong to the Standard English Vocabulary.
4. Special colloquial vocabulary (non-literal) belongs to the non
-standard English vocabulary and fall s into subgroups:
Professionalisms naut med спорт.
Slang sl.
Dialectical words dial прост.
Jurgon жарг вор жарг
Vulgar вульг груб презрен derog vulgar offensive taboo
Nonce words fig humor joc.
5.Non- standard colloquial words are unstable. But it is impossible to draw a hard-&-fast line between common literary vocabulary & special literary-bookish vocabulary, because the words tend to shift from one layer to the other. The same is true of the common colloquial vocabulary which penetrates into the neutral layer & is not impervious to intru sion from the non-literary layer.
There are different degrees of bookishness & colloquialness: the words marked fml lit may be found bordering on neutral vocabulary or lying so far from the neutral layer as to be quite incomprehensible to the average reader. The same is true of words marked infml which may either pass into the neutral layer or linger on the fringe of the non-literary layer of the vocabulary.
The notation sl (slang) is mainly used in the English-English dictionaries ( in English and American dictionaries) & label the words according to their character & the way they function, in the bilingual dictionaries this label is rarely used, because of its ill-defined & uncertain definition (meaning & understanding of the term).
It is necessary to mention other stylistic notations which are used to
identify the emotional meanings of the words rather than usage. These are: эмоц-усил (emotional-intensive), ирон (ironical), усил. (intensive), шут. (jocular), презр. (contemptuous), груб. (vulgar or law),paзг- груб
(low colloquial), humor, derog., вежл ,ласк.
The words labeled фр, лат, AustrE, Germ, Fr are used to indicate that the word has not lost its foreign aspect or that its use is geographically limited.
The conclusion comes that bilingual as well as explanatory dictionaries should not only give definitions of words but should indicate their usage, emotional meanings & geographical limits.
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