Предыдущая страница реферата | 3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  13 | Следующая страница реферата

BrE sl - OALED жарг - LERD разг . -ERD

In this case it is difficult even to identify to which layer of the
English Language this word belongs & in which situations it is preferred.
For the other examples see the Application VI.

We may make the conclusion that it would be better if al the dictionaries agreed to one and the same system of stylistic notations for the purpose not to mislead the users in a proper choice of the word More over , to our mind , the classification suggested by Galperin could be taken or considered the bases of the system of stylistic notations.

3. Classification of stylistic notations in Longman Dictionary of English

Language and Culture

The word can have different stylistic characteristics ranging from regional usage to the personal attitude of the user. That is why it is natural to suppose that there is a great number of words which have more that one stylistic notations.

The comparative analyses suggested in the previous part and the proper analyses of the stylistic notation's varieties used in LDELC conf irm such supposition.

It was interesting to analyse different types of labels & their combinations used in LDELC. As it turned out a word may have up to five stylistic characterizations that are reflected in the notations. E.g. bum(2) AmE & AustrE derog sl This word has four indexes shown by mean s of the styli stic notations, buster sl, esp.AmE.oflen derog There are five indexes of the styli stic notation in this word. amniocentes is med — only one index.

Here we deal with the words, which can be used in different regions, can belong to different layers of the word- stock & have different stylistic colours expressing the attitude. Some of the word's characteristics suggest choice of usage. behold esp-tit or old use buggery BrE taboo or law

Taking into consideration all these facts all the labels & their combination s used in LDELC were classified as follows:

1 . Labels of sementico-functional indication.

2. Label s of quantitative indication of indexes in one notation.

All the labels in LDELC we may devide into four stylistical groups
(Appendix VIII):

1.Stylistical labels (pure)

2. Stylistico-functional labels

3. Stylistico-sementical labels

4. Stylistico-sementico-functional labels

Stylistical labels include all the labels denoting words which are limited to particular parts of the world or area, as the regional indication is one of the microcomponents of the stylistic component of the word & purely shows that the word is stylistically marked: carrfge dock
BrE aficinado Sp abortion Lat bratwurst Germ accommodations AmE agent provocateur Fr

From the stylistical layers point of view here we find words belonging to common literary vocabulary. ( foriegnisms, barbarisms)

Stylistico -functional labels include the labels denoting words according to their usage & functioning. Here we may point out:

-purely stylistico- functional labels access card tdmk it means that the word functions in economics and bu siness,

AC/DC sl the word is used by a certain group of people -mixed stylistico -functional labels beaut AmE&AustrE infml the word is u sed both in American & Australian
English in informal situat ion s, billy-o BrE old-fash sl the word belongs to British English and is used as the outdated slang. bevy dial sl the word is limited to a particular area & is there as slang. amp fml-tech it is a term used in formal situations.

Here we may find the words belonging to all the layers of the word- stock of the English Language. As beaut belongs to common literary vocabulary, bevy — to special colloquial nonstandard (non-literal) vocabulary . Some words having the notation AmE old-fash, SrE becoming old- fash may be referred to special literal vocabulary. Such labels as infml becoming rare, infl esp.BrE belonging to words which come from common colloquial vocabulary. But there is a number of labels that makes it difficult to identify to which layer this or that word belongs because the natations may indicate different layers. old-fash BrE infml — as we considered it earlier the label old-fash indicates special literary vocabulary & archaic words in particular, the label infml evidently shows common colloquial vocabulary.

BrE oid-fash sl- where sl indicated nonstandard group of the word- stock. The existence of such labels confirms the fact that there are differen t degrees of bookishness &colloquialness. In accordance to the combinations of labels the words marked, e.g. BrEinfmIsl or BrE old-fash sl may be found bordering on common literary & special colloquial vocabulary, such words may pass into another layer, (taking into con sideration I.R.
Calpe rin point of view).

Stylistico-sementical labels indicate emotional state, attitude of the speaker by means of the marked word, in other words this label shows the type of connotation that is typical of the word. E.g. bouncing (of babies esp) appnec. - this word is u sually u sed about healthy and active people with a kind of administration, catchpenny derog - something that is cheap & useless, but is done to be attractive. The word is used with negative connotation & show s not delightful attitude towards such things.

Рекомендуем скачать другие рефераты по теме: маркетинг реферат, реферат по математиці, бесплатно решебник.





Предыдущая страница реферата | 3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  13 | Следующая страница реферата